Indeed, the only record creditors can see externally are what's on the 3 main CRAs and any public records that are available e.g. The Insolvency Register.
All major creditors also subscribe to CIFAS, which is shared across all lenders relating to Fraud, and GAIN which is related to people who have gone away and is a way of sharing that information, both will however show on your credit report if there are records there, you really don't want any of them there - except for protective registration in the case of CIFAS if you want.
Other than that as Jan says creditors will have their own records that they keep. They should not keep them for longer than is necessary according to the data protection act. However, they could argue that they need the data to keep records for tax purposes.
If that is the case they should only ever use that data for that purpose and not to assess further credit in future. But I have suspicions they do and gets counted in with internal credit scoring.
However, I'm not sure on that as internal scoring system was highly confidential information which was guarded by the place I worked at and no one knew the criteria, except may be the programmers who programmed the systems and those who made the decisions.
We could guess it most of the time however, based on the answers people put down on their application forms

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